The Role of Peace Journalism in Mitigating Violence in Afghanistan: A Journalist’s Perspective
Corresponding Author(s) : Khairuddin Rahmani
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): April
Abstract
This research explores the role of peace journalism in mitigating violence in Afghanistan by examining the perspectives of Kabul’s Journalists. The study has two main objectives: to understand how peace journalism can help mitigate various forms of violence (structural, cultural, direct, ethnic, and religious) in Afghanistan and to assess the level of familiarity among journalists in Kabul with the concept of peace journalism. The study framework incorporates the theories of agenda-setting, gatekeeping, and Galtung’s peace journalism model. A survey method was employed for the research, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to 287 journalists working in Kabul's media selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. According to statistics provided by media support organizations, are 1,011 journalists actively working in Kabul. Using Cochran's formula, the required sample size was determined to be 278; thus, this number of questionnaires was distributed and successfully collected. The research findings indicated that employing peace journalism in media reporting can reduce violence in Afghanistan. However, the study reveals that journalists in Kabul have limited familiarity with peace journalism. Additionally, there is a significant positive relationship between journalists’ educational levels, work experience, and familiarity with peace journalism. The research further highlights that peace journalism can reduce structural, cultural, and direct violence in Afghanistan. However, it has little to no impact on mitigating ethnic and religious violence in the country.
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- Badi’i, N., & Qandi, H. (2016). Modern journalism (10th ed.). Allameh Tabatabai University.
- Bobby, E. (2011). Applied methodology in human sciences research (K. Feyzi & H. Razavi, Trans.). Industrial Management Organization.
- Delavar, A. (2015). Theoretical and scientific foundations of research in humanities and social sciences (14th ed.). Roshd Publications.
- Di.E, D. (2015). Surveying in social research (H. Naeibi, Trans.). Nashr Ney.
- Enferadi, F. (2009). Examining the degree of alignment of the professional activities of journalists in the country's news agencies with peace journalism [Master’s thesis, Faculty of Broadcasting and Media].
- Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191. http://www.jstor.org/stable/422690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301
- Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005
- Galtung, J. (2017). Peace journalism: What, why, who, how, when, where. Transcend Media Service. https://www.transcend.org/tms/2017/01/peace-journalism-what-why-who-how-when-where/
- Jahanbakhsh, I. (2009). A simple guide to the application of statistical tests in scientific research using SPSS. Danesh-Pazhoohan Borin.
- Khaki, G. R. (1999). Research methods with an approach to thesis writing. Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Scientific Research and Publication Center Darayat.
- Oliver, P. (2016). Writing a thesis (2nd ed., T. Emanpour, Trans.). Research Institute of Social and Cultural Studies.
- Ottosen, R. (2008). Video games as war propaganda: Can peace journalism offer an alternative approach? Peace and Policy, 13, 73–86.
- Ottosen, R. (2010). The war in Afghanistan and peace journalism practice. Media, War & Conflict, 3(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635210378944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635210378944
- Qandi, H. (2011). Specialized journalism. Media Studies and Research Center.
- Qandi, H. (2015). Specialization in journalism and specialized journalism. In M. Mahdavi Asl (Ed.), The art of diplomacy and specialized journalism (p. 19). Tree of Life Publications.
- Sapi, A. M. (2019). Framing peace in Afghan press [Master’s thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University].
- Sarukhani, B. (2014). Research methodology in social sciences: Principles and foundations (14th ed.). Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
- Shaker, A., & Khaniki, H. (2019). Peace journalism and its news values in Iran: How the news of coalition forces' attack on Iraq was reflected in six nationwide newspapers (Kayhan, Resalat, Etelaat, Hamshahri, Etemaad, and Yas-e Noor). Scientific Quarterly of Culture-Communication Studies, 47, 7–35.
- Zabulizada, A. (2014). Framing, news, and media. Office of Media Studies and Planning.
References
Badi’i, N., & Qandi, H. (2016). Modern journalism (10th ed.). Allameh Tabatabai University.
Bobby, E. (2011). Applied methodology in human sciences research (K. Feyzi & H. Razavi, Trans.). Industrial Management Organization.
Delavar, A. (2015). Theoretical and scientific foundations of research in humanities and social sciences (14th ed.). Roshd Publications.
Di.E, D. (2015). Surveying in social research (H. Naeibi, Trans.). Nashr Ney.
Enferadi, F. (2009). Examining the degree of alignment of the professional activities of journalists in the country's news agencies with peace journalism [Master’s thesis, Faculty of Broadcasting and Media].
Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), 167–191. http://www.jstor.org/stable/422690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301
Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005
Galtung, J. (2017). Peace journalism: What, why, who, how, when, where. Transcend Media Service. https://www.transcend.org/tms/2017/01/peace-journalism-what-why-who-how-when-where/
Jahanbakhsh, I. (2009). A simple guide to the application of statistical tests in scientific research using SPSS. Danesh-Pazhoohan Borin.
Khaki, G. R. (1999). Research methods with an approach to thesis writing. Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Scientific Research and Publication Center Darayat.
Oliver, P. (2016). Writing a thesis (2nd ed., T. Emanpour, Trans.). Research Institute of Social and Cultural Studies.
Ottosen, R. (2008). Video games as war propaganda: Can peace journalism offer an alternative approach? Peace and Policy, 13, 73–86.
Ottosen, R. (2010). The war in Afghanistan and peace journalism practice. Media, War & Conflict, 3(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635210378944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635210378944
Qandi, H. (2011). Specialized journalism. Media Studies and Research Center.
Qandi, H. (2015). Specialization in journalism and specialized journalism. In M. Mahdavi Asl (Ed.), The art of diplomacy and specialized journalism (p. 19). Tree of Life Publications.
Sapi, A. M. (2019). Framing peace in Afghan press [Master’s thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University].
Sarukhani, B. (2014). Research methodology in social sciences: Principles and foundations (14th ed.). Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
Shaker, A., & Khaniki, H. (2019). Peace journalism and its news values in Iran: How the news of coalition forces' attack on Iraq was reflected in six nationwide newspapers (Kayhan, Resalat, Etelaat, Hamshahri, Etemaad, and Yas-e Noor). Scientific Quarterly of Culture-Communication Studies, 47, 7–35.
Zabulizada, A. (2014). Framing, news, and media. Office of Media Studies and Planning.