Copyright (c) 2026 Karimullah Noori, Zabehullah Bashardost

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Examining the Impact of Social Media on Improving the Quality of Higher Education: A Case Study of Faryab University
Corresponding Author(s) : Zabehullah Bashardost
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January
Abstract
This study examines the impact of social media use on the quality of learning at Faryab University. Given the remarkable growth in social media use in recent years, this research seeks to analyze the extent and types of social media use by lecturers and students in academic activities, as well as their roles in enhancing the quality of higher education. The research method is descriptive–analytical, and the data collection tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire distributed among 132 lecturers and 346 students. Data were analyzed using SPSS and statistical tests such as the one-sample t-test, ANOVA, and effect size (Cohen’s d). The findings revealed that both lecturers and students held a positive, significant attitude toward the use of social media to improve the quality of education. The t-test results indicated that the mean responses were significantly higher than the theoretical value of 3, and the effect sizes for most items were large and strong. Moreover, significant differences were observed in attitudes across academic disciplines regarding certain statements. Overall, the results suggest that social media can be used as a complementary tool in the teaching and learning process, effectively enhancing educational interaction, resource access, and collaborative learning.
Keywords
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- Acuyo, A. (2022). Reviewing the literature on professional development for higher education tutors in the work-from-home era: is it time to reconsider the integration of social media? Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10603-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10603-2
- Al Balushi, W., Al-Busaidi, F. S., Malik, A., y Al-Salti, Z. (2022). Social Media Use in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 17(24), 4. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i24.32399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i24.32399
- Area, M. (2008). Las Redes Sociales En Internet Como Espacios Para La Formación Del Profesorado. Razón y Palabra, 13(63), 12. Retrieved from https:// acortar.link/CKVjuE
- Bandura, A. (2002). Social foundations of thought and action. In D. F. Marks (Ed.) Social foundations of thought and action (pp. 94-106). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6
- Bastani, S., & Salehi-Hikouei, M. (2007). Social network capital and gender: Examining structural, interactional, and functional characteristics of women’s and men’s social networks in Tehran. Social Science Letter, 30, 63–95. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/2316/fa
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
- Buxarrais, M. R. (2016). Redes sociales y educación. Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS), 17(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20161721520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20161721520
- Chickering, A. W. (1969). Education and identity. Jossey Bass.
- Chugh, R., Grose, R., & Macht, S. A. (2021). Social media usage by higher education academics: A scoping review of the literature. Education and Information Technologies, 26(1), 983–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10288-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10288-z
- Endo, J. J., & Harpel, R. L. (1982). The effect of student–faculty interaction on students' educational outcome. Research in Higher Education, 16(2), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00973505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00973505
- García, S. A., & García, M. D. M. A. (2014). Las redes sociales en las universidades españolas. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 33, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2014.33.132-140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2014.33.132-140
- Ghanai Rad, M. A. (2006). The role of student–teacher interactions in forming academic social capital. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 7(1), 3–29. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17351901.1385.7.1.1.2
- Goddard, R. D. (2003). Relational Networks, Social Trust, and Norms: A Social Capital Perspective on Students’ Chances of Academic Success. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(1), 59–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737025001059
- Haerizadeh, A., Masouleh Asgharpour, A., Noghani, M., & Miranouri, M. (2009). The impact of student–teacher social relationships on academic success. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.22067/jss.v0i0.8746
- Hamid, S., Chang, S. & Kurnia, S (2009). Identifying the use of online social networking in higher education. In Same places, different spaces. Proceedings ascilite Auckland 2009. http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/auckland09/procs/hamid-poster.pdf DOI:10.14742/apubs.2009.2340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2009.2340
- Israel B. A. (1985). Social networks and social support: implications for natural helper and community level interventions. Health education quarterly, 12(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818501200106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818501200106
- Jensen, D. H., & Jetten, J. (2015). Bridging and bonding interactions in higher education: social capital and students' academic and professional identity formation. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 126. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00126
- Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1984). The effects of intergroup cooperation and intergroup competition on ingroup and outgroup cross handicap relationships. Journal of Social Psychology, 124, 85 94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1984.9924540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1984.9924540
- Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company. catalog.hathitrust.org+1
- Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1993). Cooperation in the classroom. (6th ed.). Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
- Kaplan, A. M., y Haenlein, M. (2016). Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster. Business horizons, 59(4), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.03.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.03.008
- Komarraju, M., Musulkin, S., & Bhattacharya, G. (2010). Role of student-faculty interactions in developing college students' academic self-concept, motivation, and achievement. Journal of College Student Development, 51(3), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0137
- Krutka, D. G., y Carpenter, J. P. (2016). Why social media must have a place in schools. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 52(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022895 8.2016.1123048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2016.1123048
- Kuh, G. D., & Hu, S. (2001). The effects of student-faculty interaction in the 1990s. Review of Higher Education: Journal of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, 24(3), 309–332. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2001.0005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2001.0005
- Littlejohn, S. (2005). Theories of human communication (S. Akbar Mirhosseini & M. Nourbakhsh, Trans.). Tehran: Jangal.
- Lohr, S. C. (2004). Student's faculty connectedness: Grasping the essence of informal interactions, [dissertation] South California University.
- López-Carril, S., Añó, V., y González-Serrano, M. H. (2020). Introducing TED Talks as a Pedagogical Resource in Sport Management Education through YouTube and LinkedIn. Sustainability, 12(23), 10161. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi. org/10.3390/su122310161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310161
- Meenan, C., King, A., Toland, C., Daly, M., & Nagy, P. (2010). Use of a wiki as a radiology departmental knowledge management system. Journal of digital imaging, 23(2), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-009-9180-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-009-9180-1
- Navaah, A. R., Rezadust, K., & Pourtekaroni, M. (2022). Examining factors affecting student–teacher interactions and communication. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 18(1), 25–41. https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article_702774.html
- Núñez, A.-M. (2009). Modeling the effects of diversity experiences and multiple capitals on Latina/o college students’ academic self-confidence. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 8(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192708326391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192708326391
- Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
- Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton university press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820740
- Sam, C., Naicker, N., y Adebiyi, M. (2021). Dimensionality reduction of social media application attributes for ubiquitous learning using principal component analysis. Mobile Information Systems, 2021, 1-10. https://doi. org/10.1155/2021/6633223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633223
- Spada, N. (1997). Form focussed instruction and second language acquisition: A review of classroom and laboratory research. Language Teaching, 30(1), 73 87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012799
- Stadtfeld, C., Vörös, A., Elmer, T., Boda, Z., & Raabe, I. J. (2019). Integration in emerging social networks explains academic failure and success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(3), 792–797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811388115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811388115
- Villalobos, C. M. (2016). Las redes sociales como herramientas de aprendizaje: algunas consideraciones. Revista de estudios latinos: RELat, 16, 225-256. https://doi.org/10.23808/rel.v16i0.87689
- VYGOTSKY, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
- Wellman, B. (2018). Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429498718
- Zincir, O. (2017). Uso de las redes sociales por parte de los trabajadores del conocimiento como herramienta de gestión del conocimiento personal. In R. Chugh (Ed.), Aprovechar las redes sociales como herramienta de gestión del conocimiento (pp. 108–124). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0495-5.ch006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0495-5.ch006
References
Acuyo, A. (2022). Reviewing the literature on professional development for higher education tutors in the work-from-home era: is it time to reconsider the integration of social media? Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10603-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10603-2
Al Balushi, W., Al-Busaidi, F. S., Malik, A., y Al-Salti, Z. (2022). Social Media Use in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Online), 17(24), 4. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i24.32399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i24.32399
Area, M. (2008). Las Redes Sociales En Internet Como Espacios Para La Formación Del Profesorado. Razón y Palabra, 13(63), 12. Retrieved from https:// acortar.link/CKVjuE
Bandura, A. (2002). Social foundations of thought and action. In D. F. Marks (Ed.) Social foundations of thought and action (pp. 94-106). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221129.n6
Bastani, S., & Salehi-Hikouei, M. (2007). Social network capital and gender: Examining structural, interactional, and functional characteristics of women’s and men’s social networks in Tehran. Social Science Letter, 30, 63–95. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/2316/fa
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
Buxarrais, M. R. (2016). Redes sociales y educación. Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS), 17(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20161721520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20161721520
Chickering, A. W. (1969). Education and identity. Jossey Bass.
Chugh, R., Grose, R., & Macht, S. A. (2021). Social media usage by higher education academics: A scoping review of the literature. Education and Information Technologies, 26(1), 983–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10288-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10288-z
Endo, J. J., & Harpel, R. L. (1982). The effect of student–faculty interaction on students' educational outcome. Research in Higher Education, 16(2), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00973505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00973505
García, S. A., & García, M. D. M. A. (2014). Las redes sociales en las universidades españolas. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 33, 132–140. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2014.33.132-140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2014.33.132-140
Ghanai Rad, M. A. (2006). The role of student–teacher interactions in forming academic social capital. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 7(1), 3–29. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17351901.1385.7.1.1.2
Goddard, R. D. (2003). Relational Networks, Social Trust, and Norms: A Social Capital Perspective on Students’ Chances of Academic Success. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(1), 59–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737025001059
Haerizadeh, A., Masouleh Asgharpour, A., Noghani, M., & Miranouri, M. (2009). The impact of student–teacher social relationships on academic success. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.22067/jss.v0i0.8746
Hamid, S., Chang, S. & Kurnia, S (2009). Identifying the use of online social networking in higher education. In Same places, different spaces. Proceedings ascilite Auckland 2009. http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/auckland09/procs/hamid-poster.pdf DOI:10.14742/apubs.2009.2340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2009.2340
Israel B. A. (1985). Social networks and social support: implications for natural helper and community level interventions. Health education quarterly, 12(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818501200106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818501200106
Jensen, D. H., & Jetten, J. (2015). Bridging and bonding interactions in higher education: social capital and students' academic and professional identity formation. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 126. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00126 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00126
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1984). The effects of intergroup cooperation and intergroup competition on ingroup and outgroup cross handicap relationships. Journal of Social Psychology, 124, 85 94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1984.9924540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1984.9924540
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company. catalog.hathitrust.org+1
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Holubec, E. J. (1993). Cooperation in the classroom. (6th ed.). Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
Kaplan, A. M., y Haenlein, M. (2016). Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster. Business horizons, 59(4), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.03.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.03.008
Komarraju, M., Musulkin, S., & Bhattacharya, G. (2010). Role of student-faculty interactions in developing college students' academic self-concept, motivation, and achievement. Journal of College Student Development, 51(3), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0137
Krutka, D. G., y Carpenter, J. P. (2016). Why social media must have a place in schools. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 52(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022895 8.2016.1123048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2016.1123048
Kuh, G. D., & Hu, S. (2001). The effects of student-faculty interaction in the 1990s. Review of Higher Education: Journal of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, 24(3), 309–332. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2001.0005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2001.0005
Littlejohn, S. (2005). Theories of human communication (S. Akbar Mirhosseini & M. Nourbakhsh, Trans.). Tehran: Jangal.
Lohr, S. C. (2004). Student's faculty connectedness: Grasping the essence of informal interactions, [dissertation] South California University.
López-Carril, S., Añó, V., y González-Serrano, M. H. (2020). Introducing TED Talks as a Pedagogical Resource in Sport Management Education through YouTube and LinkedIn. Sustainability, 12(23), 10161. MDPI AG. http://dx.doi. org/10.3390/su122310161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310161
Meenan, C., King, A., Toland, C., Daly, M., & Nagy, P. (2010). Use of a wiki as a radiology departmental knowledge management system. Journal of digital imaging, 23(2), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-009-9180-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-009-9180-1
Navaah, A. R., Rezadust, K., & Pourtekaroni, M. (2022). Examining factors affecting student–teacher interactions and communication. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 18(1), 25–41. https://journal.irphe.ac.ir/article_702774.html
Núñez, A.-M. (2009). Modeling the effects of diversity experiences and multiple capitals on Latina/o college students’ academic self-confidence. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 8(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192708326391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192708326391
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton university press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820740
Sam, C., Naicker, N., y Adebiyi, M. (2021). Dimensionality reduction of social media application attributes for ubiquitous learning using principal component analysis. Mobile Information Systems, 2021, 1-10. https://doi. org/10.1155/2021/6633223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633223
Spada, N. (1997). Form focussed instruction and second language acquisition: A review of classroom and laboratory research. Language Teaching, 30(1), 73 87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800012799
Stadtfeld, C., Vörös, A., Elmer, T., Boda, Z., & Raabe, I. J. (2019). Integration in emerging social networks explains academic failure and success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(3), 792–797. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811388115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811388115
Villalobos, C. M. (2016). Las redes sociales como herramientas de aprendizaje: algunas consideraciones. Revista de estudios latinos: RELat, 16, 225-256. https://doi.org/10.23808/rel.v16i0.87689
VYGOTSKY, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes (M. Cole, V. Jolm-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4
Wellman, B. (2018). Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429498718
Zincir, O. (2017). Uso de las redes sociales por parte de los trabajadores del conocimiento como herramienta de gestión del conocimiento personal. In R. Chugh (Ed.), Aprovechar las redes sociales como herramienta de gestión del conocimiento (pp. 108–124). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0495-5.ch006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0495-5.ch006
Accepted 2026-01-26
Published 2026-01-31