Copyright (c) 2026 Sayed Basir Ahmad Ayoubi, Assadullah Sadiqi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Brand Attitudes in Generation Alpha: Social Media Marketing Exposure and the Moderating Role of Parental Mediation
Corresponding Author(s) : Sayed Basir Ahmad Ayoubi
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): April
Abstract
Children in Generation Alpha are growing up in algorithm-driven social media environments where branded content is seamlessly integrated into entertainment, creator culture, and influencer endorsements. While prior research has examined the effects of digital marketing among adolescents and Generation Z, limited empirical evidence explains how platform-based marketing shapes younger children’s brand-related evaluations and how parental mediation influences these effects. This study therefore investigates (1) the relationship between exposure to marketing content on TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram and children’s brand awareness, attitudes, and loyalty, (2) the relative effectiveness of different content formats, (3) the influence of influencer type on trust formation, and (4) the moderating role of parental mediation. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey data from 500 parent–child dyads (children aged 8–12) with six focus groups involving both parents and children. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression analysis, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis to provide deeper contextual insights. Findings indicate that TikTok is associated with the strongest brand-related responses among children, while short-form and gamified content produce higher recall and emotional engagement than other formats. Micro-influencers generate greater perceived credibility and stronger loyalty than macro-influencers. Importantly, active parental mediation, particularly through discussion and contextualization, reduces children’s susceptibility to persuasive content. These findings contribute to digital marketing and child media research by clarifying key mechanisms shaping early brand socialization and offering practical, ethically informed insights for marketers and parents.
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- Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. Link
- Avison, W. R. (1981). [Review of Conceiving the Self, by M. Rosenberg]. The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, 6(2), 212–214. Link
- Ayoubi, S. B. A., Fazl, S., & Araam, J. (2024). Examining how consumers’ perceptions of themselves affect their brand preferences and purchasing behavior. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(8), 4. Link
- Ayoubi, S. B. A., & Naweer, M. (2024). The influence of social media marketing on consumer purchasing decisions. Pearson Journal, 8(28), 1512–1524. Link
- Boyd, d. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press. Link
- Byrne, S., & Livingstone, S. (2015). Parents’ mediation of children’s internet use: A critical review of the literature. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1). Link
- Chau, C. (2014). YouTube as a participatory culture. New Directions for Youth Development, 2014(128), 65–74. Link
- Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Link
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- De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. Link
- Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., & Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user- and marketer-generated content. Information Systems Research, 24(1), 88–107. Link
- Goleman, D. (2006). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books. Link
- Holloway, D., Green, L., & Livingstone, S. (2021). Regulating children’s data and privacy in the digital age. New Media & Society, 23(6), 1131–1148. Link
- Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. Link
- Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241–251. Link
- Kim, K., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2021). The power of visuals in digital marketing: Emotional and behavioral responses to online campaigns. Journal of Consumer Research, 48(3), 562–576. Link
- Li, C., & Bernoff, J. (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a world transformed by social technologies. Harvard Business Press. Link
- Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people, and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), 671–696. Link
- Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357–365. Link
- Montgomery, K. C., Chester, J., & Kopp, K. (2017). Children’s privacy in the big data era: Research opportunities. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S117–S121. Link
- Nathanson, A. I. (2001). Mediation of children’s television viewing: Working toward conceptual clarity and common understanding. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication yearbook (Vol. 25, pp. 115–135). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Link
- Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51–60. Link
- Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. Link
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. Link
- Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. Link
References
Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. Link
Avison, W. R. (1981). [Review of Conceiving the Self, by M. Rosenberg]. The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, 6(2), 212–214. Link
Ayoubi, S. B. A., Fazl, S., & Araam, J. (2024). Examining how consumers’ perceptions of themselves affect their brand preferences and purchasing behavior. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(8), 4. Link
Ayoubi, S. B. A., & Naweer, M. (2024). The influence of social media marketing on consumer purchasing decisions. Pearson Journal, 8(28), 1512–1524. Link
Boyd, d. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press. Link
Byrne, S., & Livingstone, S. (2015). Parents’ mediation of children’s internet use: A critical review of the literature. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 9(1). Link
Chau, C. (2014). YouTube as a participatory culture. New Directions for Youth Development, 2014(128), 65–74. Link
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. Link
Deloitte Insights. (2023). Connecting with Generation Alpha: Trends in digital marketing for younger audiences. Link
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. Link
Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., & Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user- and marketer-generated content. Information Systems Research, 24(1), 88–107. Link
Goleman, D. (2006). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books. Link
Holloway, D., Green, L., & Livingstone, S. (2021). Regulating children’s data and privacy in the digital age. New Media & Society, 23(6), 1131–1148. Link
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. Link
Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241–251. Link
Kim, K., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2021). The power of visuals in digital marketing: Emotional and behavioral responses to online campaigns. Journal of Consumer Research, 48(3), 562–576. Link
Li, C., & Bernoff, J. (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a world transformed by social technologies. Harvard Business Press. Link
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2007). Gradations in digital inclusion: Children, young people, and the digital divide. New Media & Society, 9(4), 671–696. Link
Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357–365. Link
Montgomery, K. C., Chester, J., & Kopp, K. (2017). Children’s privacy in the big data era: Research opportunities. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S117–S121. Link
Nathanson, A. I. (2001). Mediation of children’s television viewing: Working toward conceptual clarity and common understanding. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication yearbook (Vol. 25, pp. 115–135). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Link
Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M., & Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51–60. Link
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. Link
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. Link
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. Link
Accepted 2026-04-28
Published 2026-04-30